Squeezes occur when pressures outside the body and inside the body are not equalized. The pain you feel is because of what is termed “barotrauma” (baro-pressure, trauma-injury) commonly referred to as a “squeeze.” The common link is in the body's response to pressure changes - lower air pressure in the cabin of a plane and increasing pressure when you dive beneath the sea. Not only do divers experience discomfort or pain from time to time, but also people who travel in airplanes. Your question raises some interesting points. In fact it even started to hurt biting down on my mouthpiece. hopefully your students can do this as well.Last time I went scuba diving I got severe pain in my upper left sinus and back teeth area. I did notice however, that when this did happen to me, I would get out of the water for about 45 minutes and was able to go back in with no pain. I have not taken any medication nor was perscribed anything, they just said over the counter allergy medicine might work. Now the allergies are slowly going away, I have had no problems and dive roughly every week or two. I did so, and they just said I have HORRIBLE allergies and the inside of my nostrills were the brightest red/inflamed they have seen. They gave me a prompt response saying I should call a ENT doctor to get checked out. I was very worried and email the DAN Emergency Hotline. Right behind/above my left eye was a horrible pain, I has to ascend to the surface to relieve it. After a few dives that were perfectly fine, I went back into the water and just as you said, it hit me around 5 feet and below. I had this problem happen to me when I first got back into diving after years of a break. And since I don’t believe in cooincidences.I won’t dive without them. Since I started using them, almost three years now, I have not had a single ear or sinus infection. The plug keeps the water inside and your head keeps that water warm. The theory is that an ear will clear/equalize more easily in warm water than cold. But they also prevent the constant in & out flushing of bacteria infested sea water. They do allow water into the ear because they are vented with a small hole. That thing was stuck in a tiny tube behind my eye?!? It certainly explained the pain. On the second day of that drug a giant "plug" of gunk came out during a sneeze the size of a pencil eraser. I had one severe sinus infection which got worse with the first two antibiotics (I must have developed a resistance) and required a super strong "shotgun" antibiotic given in hospitals to finally reverse the infection. But the gunk typically works its way out by itself. A good antibiotic should take care of the infection, and sometimes a sinus flush will help get some of the gunk out of your head aferwards.
My first year of diving led to 4 sinus infections, each one worse than the previous. She said my ear drum was traumatized and there was a possibility of a slight tear, and I needed to take at least two months off from diving. Two days later I went to the doctor because my ear was so sore. I worked it slowly, a couple feet at a time, but the pain stayed with me all the way to the surface. Coming back up at the end of the dive I felt horrible pain, as well as periods of vertigo. It took me a while to get down, but made it and thought I was home free. I pushed it too early after treatment from an ear infection. But if you make it all the way down and develope a reverse block you can tear your ear drum and cause serious damage with no other option than to come up before you run out of air. Sinus pressure on the way down is a good warning to abort the dive. The main reason I would be scared is the possibility of a reverse block.
From my experience any pain in your sinus is serious and should be treated before diving.
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